A project to study modern dust deposition relative to soils in southern Nevada and California was initiated in 1984 under the auspices of the Yucca Mountain Site Characterization Project (Interagency Agreement DE-AI08-78ET44802). The primary purpose of the dust-deposition project was to provide data on modern dust composition and influx rates to a computer model relating soil carbonate to paleoclimate. A secondary purpose was to provide data on dust influx rates at specific sites in the southern Great Basin and Mojave Desert where soil chronosequences were studied in support of tectonic and stratigraphic investigations for the Yucca Mountain Project. The initial 46 sampling sites, including one site with five traps, were established in 1984 and were supplemented by nine more sites in 1985 to provide dust data to soil studies by other investigators along the Elsinore Fault and in the Transverse Ranges of southern California.
A sample was commonly retrieved and used in more than one analysis if the first analytical procedure used was non- destructive. These sequential analytical techniques included: (1) Moisture and organic-matter content (Walkley- Black procedure in Black, 1965) were measured on the same split using 0.05 g. (2) The entire sample was used to extract the solution to measure soluble salts (Jackson, 1958) and was then dried and recovered; thus, subsequent analyses were performed on samples without soluble salts. (3) A 0.25-g split was used to analyze total carbonate (Chittick procedure in Singer and Janitzky, 1986). This split, free of carbonate after the analysis, was recovered and used to analyze for major oxides and zirconium. (4) When sufficient sample (0.4g) existed to obtain grain size using the Sedigraph rather than by pipette analysis, the clay and silt fractions were saved and used to analyze mineralogy by X-ray diffraction.
Most of the laboratory analyses were performed in the Sedimentation Laboratory of the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research in Boulder, Colorado, using standard laboratory techniques for soil samples (see Black, 1965, and Singer and Janitzky, 1986) that we adapted for use on very small samples (the non-organic content of a dust sample collected from one trap typically weighs less than 1 g/yr). These adaptations generally result in larger standard errors than normal for the results of different techniques because the amount of sample used is smaller than the recommended amount.
Specific locations for dust traps were chosen on the basis of the above criteria plus accessibility, absence of dirt roads or other artificially disturbed areas upwind, and inconspicuousness. The last factor is important because the sites are not protected or monitored; hence, most sites are at least 0.5 mile from a road or trail. Despite these precautions, dust traps are sometimes tampered with, often violently. This is a particular problem in areas close to population centers, and most of these sites (52-55 near Los Angeles and 17-19 and 22 near Las Vegas) have been abandoned. A few other sites, mostly those that appeared to be greatly influenced by nearby farming (20, 21, and 41), were eliminated in 1989. Dust traps were also generally placed in flat, relatively open areas to mitigate wind-eddy effects created by tall vegetation or topographic irregularities.
See notes in the Attribute_Accuracy_Report regarding combination of samples too small for individual analyses. Generally the data from ICP, oxides, and mineralogy are for combined samples.
The most important factors that influenced dust-trap design in this study were: (1) measuring the amount of dust added to soils; (2) sampling on an annual basis; (3) no protection other than being hard to find; and (4) the cost and ready availability of components that might have to be replaced from sources in small towns. The original design consists of a single-piece Teflon- coated angel-food cake pan (see note 1) painted flat black on the outside to maximize water evaporation and mounted on a steel fence post about 2 m above the ground. A circular piece of 1/4-inch- mesh galvanized hardware cloth is fitted into the pan so that it rests 3-4 cm below the rim, and glass marbles fill the upper part of the pan above the hardware cloth. The Teflon coating is non- reactive and adds no mineral contamination to the dust sample should it flake. The hardware cloth resists weathering under normal conditions. The 2-m height eliminates most sand-sized particles that travel by saltation rather than by suspension in air; sand grains are not generally pertinent to soil genesis because they are too large to be translocated downward into soil profiles. The marbles imitate the effect of a gravelly fan surface and prevent dust that has filtered or washed into the bottom of the pan from being blown away. The empty space below the hardware cloth provides a reservoir that prevents water from overflowing the pan during large storms. This basic design was modified in 1986 in two ways. In many areas, the traps became favored perching sites for a wide variety of birds. As a result, significant amounts of non-eolian sediment were locally added to the samples (as much as five times the normal amount of dust at some sites). All dust traps were fitted with two metal straps looped in an inverted basket shape over the top and the top surfaces of the straps were coated with Tanglefoot1. This sticky material never dries (although it eventually becomes saturated with dust and must be reapplied) and effectively discourages birds from roosting. In addition, extra dust traps surrounded by alter- type wind baffles were constructed at four sites characterized by different plant communities. These communities and sites are: blackbrush (Coleogyne ramosissima), creosote bush (Larrea divaricata), and other low brushy plants at sites 1-5 on Fortymile Wash; Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia), other tall yucca species, and blackbrush at site 18 on the Kyle Canyon fan; pinyon-juniper (Pinus monophylla-Juniperus sp) at site 7 on Pahute Mesa; and acacia (acacia sp), creosote bush, and blackbrush at site 26 near the McCoy Mountains. The wind baffles imitate the effect of ground-level wind speed at the 2-m height of the dust trap and permit comparison of the amount of dust caught by an unshielded trap with the amount that should be caught at ground level where vegetation breaks the wind.
A sample was commonly retrieved and used in more than one analysis if the first analytical procedure used was non- destructive. These sequential analytical techniques included: (1) Moisture and organic-matter content (Walkley- Black procedure in Black, 1965) were measured on the same split using 0.05 g. (2) The entire sample was used to extract the solution to measure soluble salts (Jackson, 1958) and was then dried and recovered; thus, subsequent analyses were performed on samples without soluble salts. (3) A 0.25-g split was used to analyze total carbonate (Chittick procedure in Singer and Janitzky, 1986). This split, free of carbonate after the analysis, was recovered and used to analyze for major oxides and zirconium. (4) When sufficient sample (0.4 g) existed to obtain grain size using the Sedigraph rather than by pipette analysis, the clay and silt fractions were saved and used to analyze mineralogy by X-ray diffraction.
Most of the laboratory analyses were performed in the Sedimentation Laboratory of the Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research in Boulder, Colorado, using standard laboratory techniques for soil samples (see Black, 1965, and Singer and Janitzky, 1986) that we adapted for use on very small samples (the non-organic content of a dust sample collected from one trap typically weighs less than 1 g/yr). These adaptations generally result in larger standard errors than normal for the results of different techniques because the amount of sample used is smaller than the recommended amount.
Preliminary examination of the flux data indicated that samples from some sites collected in 1985 and 1986, before the trap design was modified to discourage birds from roosting, were anomalously large (50-500% greater) compared to those collected in later years. All of the anomalous samples had been recorded as having significant amounts of bird feces at the time of collection. Consultations with bird biologists confirmed that bird droppings can contain significant amounts of mineral matter, mostly derived from cropstones; the amount varies with the species and with the diet of local populations of individual species. Moreover, perching birds can contaminate the sample with material from their feet. In some cases, we have evidence of near-deliberate contamination in the form of one or two pebble-sized clasts of local rocks that were found in samples, possibly dropped (or swapped for marbles) by large birds such as ravens. Data from samples with large amounts of bird droppings were discarded from further analysis and were excluded from the computations of "selected average" flux values.
Linear regression (bottom left of file) was used to obtain equations that relate temperature and precipitation to elevation for these weather stations (columns "Elevation", "MAT", and "MAP") and to estimate these parameters at sampling sites with different elevations. For temperature, only one equation was required; it provides estimates with a standard error (s.e.) of only 1.3 degrees C. For precipitation, equations were most useful when the stations were divided into three geographic regions, including the area of the Mexican border and the Colorado River-southeast Nevada corridor (s.e.=2.6 cm), southwestern California east of the Transverse Ranges (s.e.=8.6 cm), and the interior deserts (s.e.=2.0 cm).
MAT = -0.0072E+23.4 MAP (interior deserts) = 0.00555E+7.075 MAP (Colo.R.-Salton Sea) = 0.01013+7.468 MAP (SW Calif.) = 0.05E+5.002
where E is elevation in meters. For comparison, MAP is also calculated using other published equations. For stations on the Nevada Test Site (T-1 through T-9) I used the equation of Quiring (1983), in which y = MAP in inches and x = elevation in thousands of feet:
y = 1.36x - 0.51
For stations in southern Nevada, including the Nevada Test Site, I used the equations of French (1983), in which y = MAP in inches and x = elevation in feet. French (1983) divided southern Nevada roughly into thirds based on the paths of moisture-carrying air masses from the west and south; the eastern third has the most rainfall, the western third has the least, and the central third is intermediate:
Eastern: log y = 0.0000933x + 0.486 Central: log y = 0.0000786x + 0.446 Western: log y = 0.0000365x + 0.505
MAP at the closest weather station to the dust-trap site is also given. Estimates of MAP for sites near Los Angeles, including T-51 through T-54, using the equations from this study gave unrealistically low values (see file trapclim.xls) because this area is under a coastal rather than an interior climate. Thus, in the papers written using these data, MAP for these sites is assumed to be about the same as that at the nearest weather station.
PET is more readily calculated by the Thornthwaite method than by the Papadakis method, because the latter requires mean minimum and maximum temperatures that are commonly not recorded at some weather stations. However, according to Taylor (1986), the Thornthwaite method applied to climatic data for arid regions yields PET values that are much too low (as much as 150% compared to evaporation-pan data for the growing season). The Papadakis method provides estimates of PET that are closest to pan data in arid climates. Many thanks to Emily Taylor (U.S. Geological Survey) for guiding me through the complex calculations of PET and providing me with the appropriate references.
[Editor's note: These equations contain expressions that cannot be conveniently represented in plain ASCII text. Accordingly, I have coded the expressions using the notation of the programming language BASIC, hoping that most people will understand that. BASIC has no subscripting, however, so I used the underscore to indicate that the next character or two is subscripted. The correct notations can be obtained by examining the original document, in Microsoft Word for DOS format.]
LI = (P - PET) summed for each month in which P > PET.
PET (Thornthwaite) = F(1.6(10t/I)^a)
where t temperature (degrees C) for the month I sum for 12 months of (t/5)^1.514 (given in column "heat factor I") a (6.75*10^(-7) * I^3) - (7.71* 10^(-5) * I^2) + (0.1792 * I) + 0.49239 (given in column "exponent a") F day length factor (from table V in Thornthwaite, 1948)
PET (Papadakis) = 5.625 (e_ma - e_d)
where e_ma is saturation vapor pressure of monthly average daily maximum temperature (mbars) e_d is monthly average vapor pressure (dew point) (mbars)
According to Lindsley and others (1975, p. 35), vapour pressures are calculated by:
e_ma = (33.869(0.00738 (max.T) + 0.8072)^8 - 0.00019 |1.8 (max.T) | + 0.001316)
e_d = (33.869(0.00738 (min.T) + 0.8072)^8 - 0.00019 |1.8 (min.T) | + 0.001316)
where max.T is the monthly average maximum temperature and min.T is the monthly average minimum temperature.
[Editor's note: Here are the preceding equations rendered in TeX:
{\parskip=\medskipamount $LI = (P - PET)$ summed for each month in which $P > PET$. $$PET (\hbox{Thornthwaite}) = F(1.6(10t/I)^a)$$ where $$\halign{\quad # \hfil & \quad # \hfil\cr $t$ & temperature (degrees C) for the month\cr $I$ & sum for twelve months of $(t/5)^{1.514}$ (given in column ``heat factor I'')\cr $a$ & $(6.75 \times 10^{-7}I^3) - (7.71 \times 10^{-5}I^2) + (0.1792I) + 0.49239$ (given in column ``exponent a'')\cr $F$ & day length factor (from table V in Thornthwaite, 1948)\cr }$$ $$PET (\hbox{Papadakis}) = 5.625 (e_{ma} - e_d)$$ where $$\halign{\quad # \hfil & \quad # \hfil\cr $e_{ma}$ & is the saturation vapor pressure of monthly average daily maximum temperature (in mbar), and \cr $e_d$ & is the monthly average vapor pressure (dew point) in mbars\cr }$$ According to Lindsley and others (1975, p. 35), vapor pressures are calculated by: $$e_{ma} = (33.869(0.00738 (\hbox{max.T}) + 0.8072)^8 - 0.00019 \vert 1.8 (\hbox{max.T}) \vert + 0.001316)$$ $$e_d = (33.869(0.00738 (\hbox{min.T}) + 0.8072)^8 - 0.00019 \vert 1.8 (\hbox{min.T}) \vert + 0.001316)$$ where max.T is the monthly average maximum temperature and min.T is the monthly average minimum temperature. } [Editor's note: end of TeX rendition of the equations.]
In general the attributes describe two types of entities, dust samples collected from traps deployed in Southwestern Nevada and nearby California, and weather stations nearby the dust collection sites. These observations are coded in ASCII tables in which the rows typically refer to the entities and the columns typically refer to characteristics of those entities. Here is a list of attributes, sorted by the name of the file in which they appear, the column within the file, and giving the column heading that identifies the attribute.
Core/meta/samples.txt 1 Trap sample id Core/meta/samples.txt 2 Lab No. (GRL-) Core/meta/samples.txt 3 Days out Core/meta/samples.txt 4 Problem?
Core/meta/trapsite.txt 1 trap Core/meta/trapsite.txt 2 latitude Core/meta/trapsite.txt 3 longitude Core/meta/trapsite.txt 4 elevation (m) Core/meta/trapsite.txt 5 geographic area Core/meta/trapsite.txt 6 transect (km)* Core/meta/trapsite.txt 7 primary source source** Core/meta/trapsite.txt 8 primary source lithology*** Core/meta/trapsite.txt 9 secondary source source** Core/meta/trapsite.txt 10 secondary source lithology**
Core/raw/labdust.txt 1 Trap sample id Core/raw/labdust.txt 2 Lab# (GRL-) Core/raw/labdust.txt 3 Days out Core/raw/labdust.txt 4 Organic carbon % Core/raw/labdust.txt 5 Organic matter % Core/raw/labdust.txt 6 %CaCO3 (total) Core/raw/labdust.txt 7 %CaCO3 (OM-free) Core/raw/labdust.txt 8 %salts (total) Core/raw/labdust.txt 9 %salts (OM-free) Core/raw/labdust.txt 10 %gypsum (total) Core/raw/labdust.txt 11 %gypsum (OM-free) Core/raw/labdust.txt 12 Mineral wt (g)** Core/raw/labdust.txt 13 % <2mm Core/raw/labdust.txt 14 sand % of <2mm fraction Core/raw/labdust.txt 15 silt % of <2mm fraction Core/raw/labdust.txt 16 clay % of <2mm fraction Core/raw/labdust.txt 17 textural class
Core/raw/flux.txt 1 Trap Core/raw/flux.txt 2 CO3 Core/raw/flux.txt 3 salt Core/raw/flux.txt 4 gypsum Core/raw/flux.txt 5 min_wgt_Q Core/raw/flux.txt 6 min_wgt Core/raw/flux.txt 7 dustflux_Q Core/raw/flux.txt 8 dustflux Core/raw/flux.txt 9 CO3_flux_Q Core/raw/flux.txt 10 CO3_flux Core/raw/flux.txt 11 saltflux_Q Core/raw/flux.txt 12 saltflux Core/raw/flux.txt 13 gypsflux_Q Core/raw/flux.txt 14 gypsflux Core/raw/flux.txt 15 sandflux_Q Core/raw/flux.txt 16 sandflux Core/raw/flux.txt 17 siltflux_Q Core/raw/flux.txt 18 siltflux Core/raw/flux.txt 19 clayflux_Q Core/raw/flux.txt 20 clayflux
Core/raw/flux_avg.txt 1 Trap Core/raw/flux_avg.txt 2 CO3_avg Core/raw/flux_avg.txt 3 salt_avg Core/raw/flux_avg.txt 4 gypsum_avg Core/raw/flux_avg.txt 5 min_wgt_avg Core/raw/flux_avg.txt 6 min_wgt_sel_avg Core/raw/flux_avg.txt 7 dustflux_avg Core/raw/flux_avg.txt 8 dustflux_sel_avg Core/raw/flux_avg.txt 9 CO3_flux_avg Core/raw/flux_avg.txt 10 CO3_flux_sel_avg Core/raw/flux_avg.txt 11 saltflux_avg Core/raw/flux_avg.txt 12 saltflux_sel_avg Core/raw/flux_avg.txt 13 gypsflux_avg Core/raw/flux_avg.txt 14 gypsflux_sel_avg Core/raw/flux_avg.txt 15 sandflux_avg Core/raw/flux_avg.txt 16 sandflux_sel_avg Core/raw/flux_avg.txt 17 siltflux_avg Core/raw/flux_avg.txt 18 siltflux_sel_avg Core/raw/flux_avg.txt 19 clayflux_avg Core/raw/flux_avg.txt 20 clayflux_sel_avg
Core/raw/flux/CO3.txt 1 Trap Core/raw/flux/CO3.txt 2 1985 Core/raw/flux/CO3.txt 3 1986 Core/raw/flux/CO3.txt 4 1987 Core/raw/flux/CO3.txt 5 1988 Core/raw/flux/CO3.txt 6 1989 Core/raw/flux/CO3.txt 7 average Core/raw/flux/CO3.txt 8 Selected average
Core/raw/flux/salt.txt 1 Trap Core/raw/flux/salt.txt 2 1985 Core/raw/flux/salt.txt 3 1986 Core/raw/flux/salt.txt 4 1987 Core/raw/flux/salt.txt 5 1988 Core/raw/flux/salt.txt 6 1989 Core/raw/flux/salt.txt 7 average Core/raw/flux/salt.txt 8 Selected average
Core/raw/flux/gypsum.txt 1 Trap Core/raw/flux/gypsum.txt 2 1985 Core/raw/flux/gypsum.txt 3 1986 Core/raw/flux/gypsum.txt 4 1987 Core/raw/flux/gypsum.txt 5 1988 Core/raw/flux/gypsum.txt 6 1989 Core/raw/flux/gypsum.txt 7 average Core/raw/flux/gypsum.txt 8 Selected average
Core/raw/flux/min_wgt.txt 1 Trap Core/raw/flux/min_wgt.txt 2 Q85 Core/raw/flux/min_wgt.txt 3 1985 Core/raw/flux/min_wgt.txt 4 Q86 Core/raw/flux/min_wgt.txt 5 1986 Core/raw/flux/min_wgt.txt 6 Q87 Core/raw/flux/min_wgt.txt 7 1987 Core/raw/flux/min_wgt.txt 8 Q88 Core/raw/flux/min_wgt.txt 9 1988 Core/raw/flux/min_wgt.txt 10 Q89 Core/raw/flux/min_wgt.txt 11 1989 Core/raw/flux/min_wgt.txt 12 average Core/raw/flux/min_wgt.txt 13 Selected average
Core/raw/flux/CO3_flux.txt 1 Trap Core/raw/flux/CO3_flux.txt 2 Q85 Core/raw/flux/CO3_flux.txt 3 1985 Core/raw/flux/CO3_flux.txt 4 Q86 Core/raw/flux/CO3_flux.txt 5 1986 Core/raw/flux/CO3_flux.txt 6 Q87 Core/raw/flux/CO3_flux.txt 7 1987 Core/raw/flux/CO3_flux.txt 8 Q88 Core/raw/flux/CO3_flux.txt 9 1988 Core/raw/flux/CO3_flux.txt 10 Q89 Core/raw/flux/CO3_flux.txt 11 1989 Core/raw/flux/CO3_flux.txt 12 average Core/raw/flux/CO3_flux.txt 13 Selected average
Core/raw/flux/saltflux.txt 1 Trap Core/raw/flux/saltflux.txt 2 Q85 Core/raw/flux/saltflux.txt 3 1985 Core/raw/flux/saltflux.txt 4 Q86 Core/raw/flux/saltflux.txt 5 1986 Core/raw/flux/saltflux.txt 6 Q87 Core/raw/flux/saltflux.txt 7 1987 Core/raw/flux/saltflux.txt 8 Q88 Core/raw/flux/saltflux.txt 9 1988 Core/raw/flux/saltflux.txt 10 Q89 Core/raw/flux/saltflux.txt 11 1989 Core/raw/flux/saltflux.txt 12 average Core/raw/flux/saltflux.txt 13 Selected average
Core/raw/flux/gypsflux.txt 1 Trap Core/raw/flux/gypsflux.txt 2 Q85 Core/raw/flux/gypsflux.txt 3 1985 Core/raw/flux/gypsflux.txt 4 Q86 Core/raw/flux/gypsflux.txt 5 1986 Core/raw/flux/gypsflux.txt 6 Q87 Core/raw/flux/gypsflux.txt 7 1987 Core/raw/flux/gypsflux.txt 8 Q88 Core/raw/flux/gypsflux.txt 9 1988 Core/raw/flux/gypsflux.txt 10 Q89 Core/raw/flux/gypsflux.txt 11 1989 Core/raw/flux/gypsflux.txt 12 average Core/raw/flux/gypsflux.txt 13 Selected average
Core/raw/flux/dustflux.txt 1 Trap Core/raw/flux/dustflux.txt 2 Q85 Core/raw/flux/dustflux.txt 3 1985 Core/raw/flux/dustflux.txt 4 Q86 Core/raw/flux/dustflux.txt 5 1986 Core/raw/flux/dustflux.txt 6 Q87 Core/raw/flux/dustflux.txt 7 1987 Core/raw/flux/dustflux.txt 8 Q88 Core/raw/flux/dustflux.txt 9 1988 Core/raw/flux/dustflux.txt 10 Q89 Core/raw/flux/dustflux.txt 11 1989 Core/raw/flux/dustflux.txt 12 average Core/raw/flux/dustflux.txt 13 Selected average
Core/raw/flux/sandflux.txt 1 Trap Core/raw/flux/sandflux.txt 2 Q85 Core/raw/flux/sandflux.txt 3 1985 Core/raw/flux/sandflux.txt 4 Q86 Core/raw/flux/sandflux.txt 5 1986 Core/raw/flux/sandflux.txt 6 Q87 Core/raw/flux/sandflux.txt 7 1987 Core/raw/flux/sandflux.txt 8 Q88 Core/raw/flux/sandflux.txt 9 1988 Core/raw/flux/sandflux.txt 10 Q89 Core/raw/flux/sandflux.txt 11 1989 Core/raw/flux/sandflux.txt 12 average Core/raw/flux/sandflux.txt 13 Selected average
Core/raw/flux/siltflux.txt 1 Trap Core/raw/flux/siltflux.txt 2 Q85 Core/raw/flux/siltflux.txt 3 1985 Core/raw/flux/siltflux.txt 4 Q86 Core/raw/flux/siltflux.txt 5 1986 Core/raw/flux/siltflux.txt 6 Q87 Core/raw/flux/siltflux.txt 7 1987 Core/raw/flux/siltflux.txt 8 Q88 Core/raw/flux/siltflux.txt 9 1988 Core/raw/flux/siltflux.txt 10 Q89 Core/raw/flux/siltflux.txt 11 1989 Core/raw/flux/siltflux.txt 12 average Core/raw/flux/siltflux.txt 13 Selected average
Core/raw/flux/clayflux.txt 1 Trap Core/raw/flux/clayflux.txt 2 Q85 Core/raw/flux/clayflux.txt 3 1985 Core/raw/flux/clayflux.txt 4 Q86 Core/raw/flux/clayflux.txt 5 1986 Core/raw/flux/clayflux.txt 6 Q87 Core/raw/flux/clayflux.txt 7 1987 Core/raw/flux/clayflux.txt 8 Q88 Core/raw/flux/clayflux.txt 9 1988 Core/raw/flux/clayflux.txt 10 Q89 Core/raw/flux/clayflux.txt 11 1989 Core/raw/flux/clayflux.txt 12 average Core/raw/flux/clayflux.txt 13 Selected average
Core/raw/minerals/claymin.txt 1 Sample no. Core/raw/minerals/claymin.txt 2 Chlorite Core/raw/minerals/claymin.txt 3 Kaolinite Core/raw/minerals/claymin.txt 4 Mica Core/raw/minerals/claymin.txt 5 Smectite Core/raw/minerals/claymin.txt 6 Mixed-layer Core/raw/minerals/claymin.txt 7 Quartz Core/raw/minerals/claymin.txt 8 Other
Core/raw/minerals/sandmin.txt 1 Sample no. Core/raw/minerals/sandmin.txt 2 Quartz Core/raw/minerals/sandmin.txt 3 Anorthoclase Core/raw/minerals/sandmin.txt 4 High-temp sanidine Core/raw/minerals/sandmin.txt 5 High-temp albite Core/raw/minerals/sandmin.txt 6 Anorthite Core/raw/minerals/sandmin.txt 7 Orthoclase Core/raw/minerals/sandmin.txt 8 Microcline Core/raw/minerals/sandmin.txt 9 Low-temp albite Core/raw/minerals/sandmin.txt 10 Muscovite + biotite Core/raw/minerals/sandmin.txt 11 Pyroxene Core/raw/minerals/sandmin.txt 12 Hornblende* Core/raw/minerals/sandmin.txt 13 Dolomite Core/raw/minerals/sandmin.txt 14 Calcite Core/raw/minerals/sandmin.txt 15 Other
Core/raw/minerals/siltmin.txt 1 Sample no. Core/raw/minerals/siltmin.txt 2 Quartz Core/raw/minerals/siltmin.txt 3 Anorthoclase Core/raw/minerals/siltmin.txt 4 High-temp sanidine Core/raw/minerals/siltmin.txt 5 High-temp albite Core/raw/minerals/siltmin.txt 6 Anorthite Core/raw/minerals/siltmin.txt 7 Orthoclase Core/raw/minerals/siltmin.txt 8 Microcline Core/raw/minerals/siltmin.txt 9 Low-temp albite Core/raw/minerals/siltmin.txt 10 Muscovite + biotite Core/raw/minerals/siltmin.txt 11 Chlorite Core/raw/minerals/siltmin.txt 12 Apatite Core/raw/minerals/siltmin.txt 13 Pyroxene Core/raw/minerals/siltmin.txt 14 Hornblende* Core/raw/minerals/siltmin.txt 15 Dolomite Core/raw/minerals/siltmin.txt 16 Other
Core/raw/minerals/combine.txt 1 combined sample id Core/raw/minerals/combine.txt 2 component sample 1 Core/raw/minerals/combine.txt 3 component sample 2 Core/raw/minerals/combine.txt 4 component sample 3 Core/raw/minerals/combine.txt 5 component sample 4 Core/raw/minerals/combine.txt 6 component sample 5 Core/raw/minerals/combine.txt 7 component sample 6
Core/raw/chemistry/dusticp.txt 1 Traps Core/raw/chemistry/dusticp.txt 2 Si Core/raw/chemistry/dusticp.txt 3 Al Core/raw/chemistry/dusticp.txt 4 Fe Core/raw/chemistry/dusticp.txt 5 Mg Core/raw/chemistry/dusticp.txt 6 Ca Core/raw/chemistry/dusticp.txt 7 Na Core/raw/chemistry/dusticp.txt 8 K Core/raw/chemistry/dusticp.txt 9 Ti Core/raw/chemistry/dusticp.txt 10 Mn Core/raw/chemistry/dusticp.txt 11 Zr
Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 1 Traps Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 2 raw SiO2 Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 3 raw Al2O3 Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 4 raw Fe2O3 Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 5 raw MgO Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 6 raw CaO Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 7 raw Na2O Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 8 raw K2O Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 9 raw TiO2 Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 10 raw MnO Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 11 raw ZrO2 Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 12 norm SiO2 Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 13 norm Al2O3 Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 14 norm Fe2O3 Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 15 norm MgO Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 16 norm CaO Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 17 norm Na2O Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 18 norm K2O Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 19 norm TiO2 Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 20 norm MnO Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 21 norm ZrO2 Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 22 Si/Zr02 Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 23 Al/Zr02 Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 24 Fe/Zr02 Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 25 Mg/Zr02 Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 26 Ca/Zr02 Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 27 Na/Zr02 Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 28 K/Zr02 Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 29 Ti/Zr02 Core/raw/chemistry/dustox.txt 30 Mn/Zr02
Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 1 Station Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 2 Group Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 3 Elevation Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 4 MAT Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 5 MAP Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 6 number of yrs<1961 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 7 MAT before 1961 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 8 number of years1961-90 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 9 MAT from 1961-90 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 10 number of yrs<1961 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 11 MAP before 1961 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 12 number of years1961-90 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 13 MAP from 1961-90 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 14 1961 MAT records 1961 through 1990 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 15 1962 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 16 1963 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 17 1964 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 18 1965 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 19 1966 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 20 1967 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 21 1968 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 22 1969 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 23 1970 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 24 1971 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 25 1972 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 26 1973 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 27 1974 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 28 1975 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 29 1976 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 30 1977 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 31 1978 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 32 1979 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 33 1980 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 34 1981 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 35 1982 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 36 1983 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 37 1984 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 38 1985 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 39 1986 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 40 1987 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 41 1988 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 42 1989 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 43 1990 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 44 1961 MAP records 1961 through 1990 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 45 1962 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 46 1963 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 47 1964 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 48 1965 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 49 1966 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 50 1967 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 51 1968 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 52 1969 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 53 1970 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 54 1971 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 55 1972 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 56 1973 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 57 1974 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 58 1975 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 59 1976 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 60 1977 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 61 1978 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 62 1979 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 63 1980 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 64 1981 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 65 1982 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 66 1983 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 67 1984 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 68 1985 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 69 1986 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 70 1987 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 71 1988 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 72 1989 Core/raw/climate/climreg.txt 73 1990
Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 1 Station Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 2 Time interval Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 3 TJan Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 4 TFeb Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 5 TMar Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 6 TApr Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 7 TMay Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 8 TJun Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 9 TJul Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 10 TAug Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 11 TSep Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 12 TOct Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 13 TNov Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 14 TDec Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 15 Mean yearly temperature Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 16 PJan Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 17 PFeb Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 18 PMar Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 19 PApr Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 20 PMay Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 21 PJun Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 22 PJul Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 23 PAug Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 24 PSep Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 25 POct Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 26 PNov Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 27 PDec Core/raw/climate/aveclim.txt 28 Annual total precipitation
Core/raw/climate/trapclim.txt 1 Trap Core/raw/climate/trapclim.txt 2 Est MAT (+-1.3C) Core/raw/climate/trapclim.txt 3 Est MAP (cm) Core/raw/climate/trapclim.txt 4 s.e. MAP(cm) Core/raw/climate/trapclim.txt 5 Quiring est. MAP (NTS) Core/raw/climate/trapclim.txt 6 French est MAP (so NV) Core/raw/climate/trapclim.txt 7 WS nearest Core/raw/climate/trapclim.txt 8 WS Elevation (m) Core/raw/climate/trapclim.txt 9 WS MAP (cm)
Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 1 Station Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 2 State Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 3 Latitude Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 4 Longitude Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 5 Elevation (m) Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 6 Time interval Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 7 TJan Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 8 TFeb Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 9 TMar Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 10 TApr Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 11 TMay Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 12 TJun Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 13 TJul Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 14 TAug Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 15 TSep Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 16 TOct Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 17 TNov Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 18 TDec Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 19 Mean annual T Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 20 PJan Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 21 PFeb Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 22 PMar Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 23 PApr Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 24 PMay Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 25 PJun Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 26 PJul Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 27 PAug Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 28 PSep Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 29 POct Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 30 PNov Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 31 PDec Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 32 Total P Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 33 PNov-Apr Core/raw/climate/climate.txt 34 PMay-Oct